Calculating Free Fall Acceleration

Calculating Free filiation AccelerationIntroductionA research by Heckert (2010) demos in 1600s, the famous physicist Galileo . Galilei found the displaceing motion of a large chandelier in the Pisa cathedral. He began to seriously analyse the chandelier, and recorded the fourth dimension the light took to swing. In the 16th century, there was no stopwatch so that Galileo timed the swing by pulse. In addition, he was the first European to really believe this phenomenon and he discovered that their regularity could be use for calculate the topical anesthetic gravity.For Galileo his pendulum was the light but generally speaking a pendulum domiciliate be be as a body suspended from a stubborn superman which swing tolerantly by the motion of gravity and momentum. It is used to regulate the movements of clockwork and other machinery.In its simplest form and avoiding the math there ar three parts to the basic laws of a pendulum. start the time for distributively palpitation is depending on the continuance of the gears. In addition, mass of the move does not affect the motion at all. Second, a pendulums horizontal speed is the homogeneous as the vertical speed would be, if the bob had fallen from its highest point. Thirdly, the self-colored of accomplishment of the bob is inversely proportional to let loose fall acceleration and the squ atomic number 18 of plosive of the body is proportional to length of the pendulumThe background definition and the laws of a pendulum can be used to calculate the free fall acceleration. utilise a simple gravity pendulum like Galileos Pendulum System, I would like to show how to find the best ways in order to bear witness free fall acceleration.Methods1. sample equipmentProtractorSteel BobStopwatchVernier measureIron Support StandMeter RulerInelastic arrange2. Apparatus setup Figure1-1Figure1-1 shows that iron permit stand was put beside butt against of test desk in case the height of stand was shorter th an the length of test arrange. Next, the steel evening gown was hung by an inelastic string and the iron support stand was used to support the weight of steel ball. Last, the clip was clamped to the string in order to keep a constant length. At the resembling time, the bob swing in a vertical near which parallels the stand.3. ProceduresFirst of all, the simple pendulum was made up by hanging a bob from the top of stand and the bob was released in a constant height, and then protractor was used to control the degree among 5 and 15 to natural line. Secondly, pendulum would begin to oscillate in vertical surface in a regular action, and then the stop watch was used to record the time of each swing. Finally the most important info which describes this cycles/second is stay and we did different types of test by different length of string, like 30cm, 45 cm, 60 cm, 75 cm, 90cm, 105 cm, and 120 cm.ResultsTable of resultExperiment measureLength of string(cm)Trials 1Trials 2Total fairish periodOscillation timeAverage period of each swingT2(second square)Time interpreted for one complete Oscillation(seconds)130cm56.60s56.50s56.55s50 times1.13s1.28s2245 cm68.60s68.50s68.55s50 times1.37s1.88 s2360 cm79.00s78.90s79.00s50 times1.58s2.50 s2475 cm87.60s87.90s87.75s50 times1.76s3.08 s2590 cm96.05s96.00s96.05s50 times1.92s3.69 s26105 cm104.00s104.00s104.00s50 times2.08s4.33 s27120 cm110.50s111.00s110.75s50 times2.22s4.91 s2Table-1.1Table-1.1 shows the data of 7 try outs using different length of string and how the data changed, as the length of string was increased the period of each cycles/second was increase as well.L is the distance from the frame of the stand to the union of the mass the length includes the roentgen of ball. The period of oscillation is the time demand for the pendulum to complete one swing. For one complete swing, the steel ball must(prenominal) move from the left to the right and back to the left. T2 can be soundless as the square of the period of oscillation, the equation below shows how T2 was reckon.Square some(prenominal) sidesT2= 4 2 (L/g) T2 = L (4 2 g)Multiply some(prenominal) sides by gg T2 = 4 2 LDivide both sides by T2Discussion and AnalysisThe results of test show the relation betwixt T2 and length of string. To turn to discuss the results it is important to understand some depict ideas, there are controlled variable, experimental variable, error and dubiety.Firstly, according to Science Buddies(2009) give tongue to that a controlled variable can be defined as the promoter which is unchanged or kept constant to prevent its effects or error on the outcome. It was verified the behavior of the relationship between case-by-case and dependent variables. The factors which can be regarded as controlled variable were steel ball, oscillation times the angle of each swing and the height when the steel ball was released. An answer from wiki (2009) the definition of experimental variables is the var iable whose set are autonomous of changes in the values of other variables. Experimental variable in this experiment is the length of string. accord to dictionary the error can be defined as a deviation from accuracy or correctness. And the uncertainty nub that the lack of certainty, a state of having limited knowledge so that it is out(predicate) to exactly describe existing phenomenon or future outcome confidently.Errors were caused by any individual who could be affected by many factors. much(prenominal) as before we measure the length of string, we need to measure the radius of ball by vernier caliper in case the string is shorter than certain length. Secondly, we need to take care of how much oscillation times we did. Thirdly, we need to keep the pendulum swing in a same surface in case the extra energy was wasted. At last, taking more(prenominal) time measurements of experimental variable which is length of string may be more accurate average for each trial.Find both p oint from the graph A(x1, y1) B(x2, y2), use the expression(y2-y1)/(x2-x1) the result of gradient is 4.03.The table shows the results of free fall accelerationGradient(T2/L)4.03Calculate data in using manifestationG9.79ms-2Confines of Error0.22%Table2-1To summarize the weakness that is error and uncertainty and calculating the acceleration of gravity to within 5%, and table 2-1 shows that the experiment obeys the allowable confines. Confines of Error were calculated by the difference between actual gravity and what I got, and the values were divided by the actual values.ConclusionTo sum up, the calculation of Galileo that free fall acceleration from the formula, this can infer the result of free fall acceleration. I need to analyse the calculation of Galileo which free fall acceleration should be 9.81ms-2. In fact, a gravity pendulum is a complex machine, depending on a number of variables for which we are ready to adjust.In addition, firstly we try to understand the method that Galileo did in 1600s, and making a plan to have a complete the system. therefore form the data I found some different values about gravity, and the factor to tempt the values. The main factor is that the different length of string influence the period instead free fall acceleration, the period square and length have a constant ratio to calculated the acceleration.Turning to Dohrman, P (2009) it can be argued that the factors which influence the fact are length of the string, period of each cycle by using those two factors we can get the local gravity. All above those factors can influence the values of free fall acceleration, and we got the less number than actual values. I need to take care of them and have an improvement. For instance, first difficulty is that standard the length is deciding where the centre of the bob is. The uncertainty in find out this measurement is probably about 1 mm. Secondly, the stopwatch measures to 50 of oscillation although the overall accuracy of the time measurements may be not certain. According toDohrman (2009) the human reaction time to start and stop the watch has a maximum range of 0.13 seconds and the average is0.7. Finally, 9.79ms-2 was calculated by the gradient and the formula in part of result.